Pendapatan Rumah Tangga dan Dinamika Konsumsi Pangan: Implikasinya terhadap Ketahanan Pangan dan Sistem Pangan Berkelanjutan

Abstract

Household income is a key determinant of food access, dietary choices, and the ability of households to achieve food security, as variations in income levels influence food consumption behavior, dietary diversity, nutritional quality, and resilience to food-related shocks. This study aims to examine the relationship between household income and food consumption dynamics and to explore its implications for food security and sustainable food systems through a literature review approach. A qualitative design was employed based on the analysis of scientific journals, books, government reports, and international publications related to food consumption, nutrition, household welfare, and sustainable food systems, with the analytical framework informed by Keynesian Consumption Theory, the Permanent Income Hypothesis, and the Life-Cycle Hypothesis. The findings indicate that household income significantly affects food consumption patterns, dietary diversity, nutritional adequacy, and household food security. Low-income households tend to prioritize staple foods and have limited access to protein-rich foods, fruits, vegetables, and other nutrient-dense food products, whereas higher-income households generally exhibit more diverse diets and better nutritional outcomes. However, increasing income may also contribute to greater consumption of processed foods and higher levels of food waste. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of integrated policies that improve household income, strengthen equitable food access, and promote sustainable consumption practices to enhance food security and support the long-term sustainability of food systems.