Fenomena Reverse Reporting terhadap Korban dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam dan Kriminologi Kritis

Abstract

Reverse reporting is a phenomenon in which perpetrators report victims to law enforcement after victims disclose or report the crimes committed against them. This practice frequently occurs in cases of sexual violence, domestic violence, and online gender-based violence, resulting in a reversal of the victim–offender relationship within the criminal justice process. This study aims to analyze the forms, underlying factors, and legal implications of reverse reporting from the perspectives of Islamic criminal law and critical criminology. Employing a qualitative approach through literature review and case analysis using the frameworks of critical criminology, victimology, and fiqh jinayah, the study finds that reverse reporting is driven by unequal power relations, a persistent culture of victim blaming, weak legal protection for victims, and the influence of digital media in shaping public opinion. From the perspective of Islamic criminal law, this practice contradicts the principles of justice (al-'adl), protection of life (hifz al-nafs), and protection of human dignity (hifz al-'ird), which constitute the objectives of maqasid al-shariah. Furthermore, reverse reporting leads to secondary victimization through psychological pressure, social stigma, and the criminalization of victims. The study concludes that reverse reporting represents a form of structural violence that requires stronger victim protection through an integrated approach combining criminal justice reform with the principles of Islamic law.