Reinterpretasi Larangan Riba dalam Perbankan Konvensional dan Pinjaman Online: Perspektif Maqasid al-Syariah

Abstract

The prohibition of riba remains a fundamental principle of Islamic economics, particularly in discussions of financial justice and ethical lending. However, the expansion of conventional banking and digital lending has raised questions about its application to contemporary financial transactions. This study examines the prohibition of riba in conventional banking and online lending through the perspective of Maqasid al-Syariah, focusing on contractual fairness, wealth protection, and consumer welfare. Using a qualitative library research approach, the study analyzes Qur'anic verses, Hadith, Islamic jurisprudence, and scholarly literature on banking and financial technology. The findings indicate that predetermined interest on debt raises concerns under Islamic legal principles, while excessive penalties, undisclosed charges, and coercive collection practices create additional risks for financially vulnerable borrowers. These practices highlight the importance of distinguishing contractual compliance from broader questions of economic justice. From the perspective of Maqasid al-Syariah, financial transactions should protect wealth, ensure transparency, and maintain fairness between lenders and borrowers. The study emphasizes the relevance of Sharia-compliant financing, financial literacy, and stronger consumer protection. It contributes to contemporary Islamic economic discourse by connecting the prohibition of riba with ethical governance in digital financial services.