Perbandingan Tata Kelola Pemerintahan dalam Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Pascabencana: Studi Tsunami 2004 dan Banjir 2025 di Aceh

Abstract

This study analyzes the dynamics of governance in post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction in Aceh through a comparative approach between the 2004 tsunami and the 2025 flood. Using a qualitative approach and comparative method, secondary data were collected through a literature review of scientific journals, government reports, and relevant academic publications. The cases were analyzed based on key governance indicators, including institutional coordination, transparency and accountability, community participation, and policy implementation effectiveness. The findings indicate that the 2004 tsunami involved high actor complexity and strong international intervention, leading to a multi-level governance model coordinated by the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR). In contrast, the 2025 flood reflects a more decentralized and domestically driven governance approach, although challenges remain in local institutional capacity, risk-based spatial planning, and disaster mitigation effectiveness. Community participation continues to play a crucial role in the recovery process, although its implementation varies according to context. The study concludes that disaster governance in Aceh has shifted from global intervention toward strengthening local capacity; however, contemporary disaster risks require greater integration between disaster management policies and sustainable development planning to build more adaptive and resilient systems.