Islamic Ethical and Epistemological Perspectives on Harmful Digital Content in Digital Literacy Education
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Convolutional Neural Network, Harmful Content Detection, Islamic Ethics, Islamic EpistemologyAbstract
Digital technology has greatly transformed the way people interact, create, and share information while simultaneously increasing their exposure to harmful digital content, such as hate speech, misinformation, cyberbullying, and unethical online communication. These challenges highlight the need to promote digital literacy education through ethical and value-based approaches. This study aims to examine harmful digital content from the perspectives of Islamic ethics and Islamic epistemology and to explore their contributions to digital literacy education. The study employs a qualitative library research design by analyzing relevant literature from the Qur'an, Hadith, classical and contemporary Islamic scholarship, as well as recent studies on digital literacy and artificial intelligence. The findings reveal that Islamic ethical principles, namely amanah, akhlaq, tabayyun, and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, provide a comprehensive moral foundation for responsible digital communication, while Islamic epistemological approaches emphasize critical inquiry, the authenticity of knowledge, and the responsible evaluation of information. Integrating these perspectives into digital literacy education can foster critical thinking, ethical awareness, and responsible digital citizenship among students in today's digital society. This study proposes a conceptual framework that integrates Islamic ethical and epistemological values into digital literacy education as a foundation for addressing harmful digital content in the digital era.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, A. I. A. Z. G. A. A. (2026). Reimagining Islamic Education in the Era of Generative AI: Opportunities, Ethical Risks, and Pedagogical Transformation. ICONIE FTIK UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, 4(1), 465–477.
Ahmad, Y. S., Abdulrasaq, Y., Ali, A. M., & Shaukat, M. A. (2025). Integrating Islamic Ethical Principles into AI Education and Character Building in Digital Society. Tunjuk Ajar: Journal of Education and Culture, 1(2), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.64929/ta.v1i2.38
Ali, F., Bouzoubaa, K., Gelli, F., Hamzi, B., & Khan, S. (2025). Islamic Ethics and AI: An Evaluation of Existing Approaches to AI using Trusteeship Ethics. Philosophy and Technology, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-025-00922-4
Azizli, K., Gargari, E. H., Muchtar, A. H., & Sahal, A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Islamic Jurisprudence: A Critical Analysis of Legal and Ethical Challenges in Automated Decision-Making. Journal of Islamic Law and Legal Studies, 2(2), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.70063/jills.v2i2.117
Bramantyo Suryo Nugroho, Taufiq Affandi, M., Imron Rosyadi, Isman, & Muthoifin. (2023). PROBLEM EPISTEMOLOGY CHATGPT: WORLDVIEW ISLAM PERSPECTIVE SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS. Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam, 24(02), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v24i02.2973
Daraghmi, E. Y., Qadan, S., Daraghmi, Y. A., Yousuf, R., Cheikhrouhou, O., & Baz, M. (2024). From Text to Insight: An Integrated CNN-BiLSTM-GRU Model for Arabic Cyberbullying Detection. IEEE Access, 12, 103504–103519. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3431939
Elmahjub, E. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Ethics: Towards Pluralist Ethical Benchmarking for AI. Philosophy and Technology, 36(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00668-x
Habib, Z. (2025). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿa’s Perspective. KARSA, 33(1), 105–134. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v33i1.19617
Hamid Farooq Bukhari, S., & Arif, S. (2025). Cybersecurity and Islamic Morality Ethical Frameworks for the Digital Age. In Al-Asr International Research Journal of Islamic Studies (Vol. 5). https://al-asr.pk/index.php/alasr/article/view/183.
Malik, F. A., & Hanapi, M. S. (2026). AI CONTENT FABRICATION AND DECEPTION: AN ISLAMIC ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ANALYSIS. In Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners VOLUME (Vol. 24).
Mazhar, A. A., Zada, I., Aldhayan, M., Alsalamah, S., Asiri, M. M., Ayadi, M., & Alshahrani, A. (2026). AI-powered detection of cyberbullying in short-form video content: A hybrid deep learning framework. PLOS ONE, 21(2 February). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0338799
Mohiuddin, G. M., Sayeed, M. S., & Yeng, O. L. (2025). Deep learning models for culturally aware cyberbullying detection in Muslim societies: a systematic review. In Discover Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 5, Number 1). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00577-2
Muchtasor, N. S. (2025). Ethical Pluralism in AI Policy: A Framework for Islamic Integration into Global AI Governance. Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies, 3(3), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v3i3.897
Nikmah, rifatun. (2025). GOD-CONSCIOUS AI: MAQASID AL-SHARI’AH IN ALGORITHMIC DESIGN. 02(01).
Papakostas, C. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Religious Education: Ethical, Pedagogical, and Theological Perspectives. Religions, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050563
Sidik, H. M., Santosa, W., Arafah, W., Usman, B., Gunawan, I., Mulyadi, M., & Khan, M. D. A. (2026). THE CONVERGENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, BAYESIAN LEARNING, AND SHARIA PRINCIPLES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL ANALYTICS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 28(1), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.28.1.49-64
Uriawan, W., Rahman, I. F., Zidan, M., Rohmatillah, I., Raihan, M. A., & Dwiyanti, I. (2025). Preventing AI Deepfake Abuse: An Islamic Ethics Framework. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17218
